while loop in C

while loop in C:

In this session we are going to discuss about while loop and do while loop in C.

If you have not red the first session in which I have discussed about for loop the link for the same will be present below this article.

1. while loop in C:

• As we have seen earlier in for loops it requires initialization, condition, increment or decrement directly after it is declared as shown below.

for(initialization, condition, increment)

• But the same is not true in the case of while loop in while loop the initialization is done first outside the loop, the condition is written after the loop and the increment or decrement operator within the loop.

Basic Syntax:

int i=1; ← (initialization)

while (condition)

{

code if condition is true;

i++;← (increment operator)

}

Explanation:

• From the above syntax we can see that the initialization (i=1) is done before the loop is executed.
• The condition for which loop is executed  is written within parenthesis after writing while.
• The increment i++ is done when it enters the loop within curly brackets.
• The loop gets executed only if the condition is true on the contrary if the condition is false the loop gets terminated at the very same time.

Example Code:

Write a program to find sum of first n natural number by accepting value of n from user.

Ans.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

{

int n,i=1,s=0;

clrscr();

printf("\n enter the value of n");

scanf("%d",&n);

while(i<=n)

{

s=s+i;

i++;

}

printf("\n the sum of first %d natural numbers is %d",n,s);

getch();

}

Output:

enter the value of n

5

the sum of first 5 natural numbers is 15

Explanation of the above code:

• In the above code we have declared three variables of datatype integer n is used for storing the input, s is used for sum and i is used for initialization and execution of loop.
• As the value of n in the above code is 5 so the while loop will first check the condition (i<=n) i.e (1<=5) which is true in this case so the code in the loop will get executed.
• Now we have s=s+i
• Here it happens like this s=0+1.
• Because the initial value of s is 0 and i is 1. After this the new value 1 is assigned to s and now its value is 1.
• After this increment takes place and the value of i is increased to 2. The loop again checks the condition (2<=5) which is true and executes the code again so now again it is s=s+i i.e s=1+2 so the current value of 3 is assigned to s.
• The loop goes so on and stops when the value of i becomes greater than 5.

2. do while loop in C:

In do while loop the loop is executed once automatically without checking the condition..

Then the increment and decrement takes place and finally the condition is checked.

Initialization is done before the loop is executed, same as in the case of while loop. The condition is written at end after the code.

Basic Syntax:

int i=1;←(initialization)

do

{

code for loop;

i++;← (increment operator)

}while (condition); 

Note:

• There is no semicolon after do but it is present after the condition.
• The code is written within curly brackets.

Example Code:

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

{

int i=1;

clrscr();

do

{

printf("%d",i);

i++;

}while(i<1)

getch();

}

Output:

1

Explanation of the above code:

In the above code we have initialized the value of i=1 and we have the condition that i should be less than 1 which is not true in this case then also 1 gets printed.

This is because in do while loop the loop gets executed once without checking the condition.

If you want to practice programs on loops checkout my further post of for and while loop programs in c

https://www.codingninjaa.com/2020/05/for-loop-programs-in-c.html

If you not have studied for loop yet below is the link for same 

https://www.codingninjaa.com/2020/05/for-loop-in-c-language.html

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